Macroeconomic Datasets & Financial Data Repository
Download clean macroeconomic datasets (CSV & Excel), explore interactive charts, and access institutional-grade research built from FRED, BLS, IMF, and BEA data. Each page provides key statistics, Python/R code examples, historical regime analysis, and free data downloads.
All datasets are updated automatically — weekly for daily series, monthly for macro indicators. Open data under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).
Used by financial analysts, macro researchers, Substack authors, and university students worldwide. Data sourced from the same institutional databases used by central banks and investment firms.
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Equity Markets
US equity benchmarks, volatility, historical return analysis, liquidity-adjusted valuations — and the non-linear relationship between real rates and valuations.
6 datasets · 2 research studies · Updated weekly & monthly
US Real Interest Rates vs CAPE Ratio (1963–Present)
The relationship between real rates and equity valuations is non-linear — a “tent-shaped” pattern where the highest multiples occur at moderate positive real rates, not at the lowest. 757 monthly observations, regime classification, Excess CAPE Yield analysis, and downloadable data.
Datasets used: S&P 500 Returns · Real Interest Rates · CPI Inflation
The Contrarian’s Almanac: Why Buying Fear Has Outperformed Every Strategy Since 1990
Buying the S&P 500 when the VIX exceeds 30 has produced a median 12-month forward return of +22% since 1990, while buying when VIX is below 15 has produced +8%. Volatility is not risk — it is the market’s compensation for discomfort. VIX regime return map and full dataset.
S&P 500 Historical Returns (1990–2026)
Annual total returns including dividends, CPI inflation, and inflation-adjusted real returns — 36 years covering every major market cycle.
- Nominal & real returns (inflation-adjusted)
- Source: Damodaran + FRED CPIAUCSL
- CSV & Excel download
S&P 500 Price Index — Daily (1950–2026)
Daily closing prices of the most followed equity benchmark. 18,000+ observations spanning seven decades of market history.
- FRED series SP500 — updated weekly
- Price-return only (excludes dividends)
- CSV & Excel download
Nasdaq Composite — Daily (1971–2026)
The technology and growth benchmark. 13,000+ daily observations including the dot-com bubble, GFC, and AI era.
- FRED series NASDAQCOM — updated weekly
- 3,000+ listed securities, tech-heavy
- CSV & Excel download
VIX Volatility Index — Daily (1990–2026)
The “fear gauge” — market-implied 30-day S&P 500 volatility. 9,000+ observations including GFC and COVID peaks at 80+.
- FRED series VIXCLS — updated weekly
- Mean-reverting: <13 = complacency, >30 = fear
- CSV & Excel download
S&P 500 / M2 Money Supply Ratio (1959–2026)
Are stocks really going up, or is money going down? This ratio strips monetary inflation from equity prices — revealing genuine real returns vs monetary illusion.
- S&P 500 ÷ M2 — updated monthly
- Plunged during 2020 M2 surge
- CSV & Excel download
S&P 500 vs Fed Balance Sheet (2003–2026)
The most reproduced macro chart — equities vs Fed total assets. The correlation that defined the QE era, and the Net Liquidity decomposition that complicates it.
- SP500 vs WALCL — updated weekly
- Tests the “stocks follow the balance sheet” thesis
- CSV & Excel download
Interest Rates & Yield Curve
Treasury yields across the curve, Fed policy rate, mortgage rates, yield curve spreads, real (inflation-adjusted) rates — and the recession signals embedded in the term structure.
14 datasets · 3 research studies · Updated weekly & monthly
Yield Curve Inversion History (2s10s Spread)
Complete history of US Treasury 10Y–2Y inversions since 1976. Every inversion has preceded a recession with 6–24 month lead time. NBER dating, statistical properties, and full dataset.
US Real Interest Rates History (1962–Present)
770 monthly observations — from +9.4% (Volcker) to −6.4% (2022 inflation shock). Five monetary regime classifications, reproducible code, and embeddable charts.
The Fed’s Track Record: 70 Years of Rate Decisions — What It Got Right, What It Got Wrong
Since 1954, the Fed has systematically started hiking too late (median lag of 8 months after inflation crossed its target) and cutting too late (median lag of 5 months after labor market deterioration). A quantitative audit of every tightening and easing cycle.
US 10-Year Treasury Yield (DGS10)
The global benchmark rate — 16,000+ daily observations since 1962. The reference point for mortgages, corporate bonds, and sovereign debt worldwide.
- FRED series DGS10 — updated weekly
- Range: 0.52% (2020) to 15.84% (1981)
- CSV & Excel download
US 2-Year Treasury Yield (DGS2)
The market’s real-time proxy for expected Fed policy over 24 months. Moves almost lock-step with Fed Funds rate expectations.
- FRED series DGS2 — updated weekly
- Short end of the yield curve
- CSV & Excel download
US 3-Month Treasury Bill (DTB3)
The risk-free rate — the anchor of the yield curve and reference for money market instruments. 18,000+ observations since 1954.
- FRED series DTB3 — updated weekly
- Opportunity cost of holding cash
- CSV & Excel download
US 30-Year Treasury Yield (DGS30)
The benchmark for long-duration government debt — pricing pensions, insurance reserves, and infrastructure financing.
- FRED series DGS30 — updated weekly
- Maximum duration in the Treasury curve
- CSV & Excel download
Federal Funds Rate (1954–2026)
The Fed’s primary policy tool — the overnight interbank rate that propagates through the entire financial system.
- FRED series FEDFUNDS — updated monthly
- Range: 0% (2008–2015, 2020–2022) to 20%+ (1981)
- CSV & Excel download
Yield Curve 10Y–2Y Spread (T10Y2Y)
The most tracked recession indicator — every inversion since 1976 has preceded a US recession with 6–24 month lead time.
- FRED series T10Y2Y — updated weekly
- Negative = inversion = recession signal
- CSV & Excel download
Yield Curve 10Y–3M Spread (T10Y3M)
The NY Fed’s preferred recession probability input — used in their official model. Some research shows higher predictive accuracy than the 10Y–2Y.
- FRED series T10Y3M — updated weekly
- NY Fed recession probability model input
- CSV & Excel download
30-Year Mortgage Rate (1971–2026)
The price of homeownership credit — the single most important rate for the $12+ trillion US residential mortgage market.
- FRED series MORTGAGE30US — updated weekly
- Priced off the 10Y Treasury + credit spread
- CSV & Excel download
Real 10-Year Treasury Yield (DGS10 – CPI)
Composite: the true cost of long-term borrowing after inflation. Negative real rates = lenders paying borrowers. The most important variable in macro-finance.
- DGS10 minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- Range: −6.4% (2022) to +9.4% (1982)
- CSV & Excel download
Real 2-Year Treasury Yield (DGS2 – CPI)
Short end of the real rate curve — the most direct market measure of expected real monetary policy stance. Negative = Fed subsidizing borrowers.
- DGS2 minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- Completes the real yield curve with the 10Y
- CSV & Excel download
Real Federal Funds Rate (1954–2026)
The overnight policy rate minus inflation — the most direct measure of whether the Fed is truly tightening or accommodating. Was −8% in mid-2022 despite nominal hikes.
- FEDFUNDS minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- The real stance of monetary policy
- CSV & Excel download
Real Corporate Bond Yield — Moody’s BAA (1953–2026)
The true cost of long-term corporate borrowing after inflation — at the IG/HY boundary where “fallen angel” risk concentrates.
- BAA minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- Negative = corporations paid to borrow
- CSV & Excel download
Mortgage Spread — 30Y Mortgage vs 10Y Treasury (1971–2026)
The credit and liquidity premium in housing. Widened to 300+ bps in 2022–2023 as the Fed’s MBS runoff removed the largest buyer from the market.
- MORTGAGE30US minus DGS10 — updated weekly
- Normal: 150–200 bps; stress: 300+ bps
- CSV & Excel download
Yield Curve Slope — 10Y Treasury vs Fed Funds (1954–2026)
The full policy-to-market rate gap — the 10Y yield minus Fed Funds rate. Inversions signal the market expects the Fed to cut. Longer history than T10Y2Y.
- GS10 minus FEDFUNDS — updated monthly
- Back to 1954 — more inversions than 10Y–2Y
- CSV & Excel download
Inflation & Prices
Consumer prices, producer prices, the Fed’s preferred measures, real wages, and market-implied inflation expectations.
8 datasets · 1 research study · Updated monthly
US Inflation Is Not Linear: 110 Years of Purchasing Power Destruction — When It Accelerated, Who Paid, and What Protected Wealth
The US dollar has lost 97% of its purchasing power since 1914. But this destruction was not gradual — five inflationary surges account for over 80% of the cumulative loss. Inflation is not a continuous process but an episodic regime. Regime decomposition, cumulative purchasing power chart, and full dataset.
Datasets used: CPI Inflation · Core CPI · PCE
US CPI Inflation History (CPIAUCSL)
The foundational inflation series — CPI-U index and YoY rate since 1914. The reference for inflation-adjusting any financial asset.
- FRED series CPIAUCSL — updated monthly
- 110+ years of price history
- CSV & Excel download
Core CPI Inflation (ex Food & Energy)
Strips out volatile food and energy to reveal the underlying inflation trend — the measure the Fed watches most closely.
- FRED series CPILFESL — updated monthly
- Underlying inflation signal
- CSV & Excel download
PCE Inflation (1959–2026)
The Fed’s official 2% target measure — broader than CPI, with dynamically updated consumption weights.
- FRED series PCEPI — updated monthly
- The “2% target” refers to PCE, not CPI
- CSV & Excel download
Core PCE Inflation (1959–2026)
The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge — the metric behind every FOMC rate decision since 2012. Typically ~30–50 bps lower than Core CPI due to dynamic weighting.
- FRED series PCEPILFE — updated monthly
- The 2% target metric — not CPI, not headline PCE
- CSV & Excel download
5-Year Breakeven Inflation (T5YIE)
Market-implied expected CPI inflation over 5 years, derived from the spread between nominal Treasuries and TIPS.
- FRED series T5YIE — updated weekly
- Medium-term inflation expectations
- CSV & Excel download
10-Year Breakeven Inflation (T10YIE)
Long-term market-implied inflation expectations — critical for assessing whether expectations remain “anchored” around 2%.
- FRED series T10YIE — updated weekly
- Key Fed “anchoring” indicator
- CSV & Excel download
US Producer Price Index — PPI (1913–2026)
Wholesale/producer-level prices — PPI leads CPI by 1–3 months. The pipeline inflation indicator that captures supply chain and commodity pressures before they hit consumers.
- FRED series PPIACO — updated monthly
- 110+ years — one of the oldest US economic series
- CSV & Excel download
US Real Wage Growth (1964–2026)
Nominal average hourly earnings minus CPI inflation — the ultimate test of whether economic expansion benefits workers. Fell sharply in 2021–2022 despite 5%+ nominal growth.
- CES0500000003 minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- Purchasing power of the median worker
- CSV & Excel download
Labor Market & Employment
The Fed’s dual mandate in data — unemployment, payrolls, and the highest-frequency jobs indicator.
3 datasets · Updated weekly & monthly
US Unemployment Rate (1948–2026)
One half of the Fed’s dual mandate — the most watched labor market indicator, with 900+ monthly observations.
- FRED series UNRATE — updated monthly
- Range: 2.5% (1953) to 14.7% (April 2020)
- CSV & Excel download
Initial Jobless Claims — Weekly (1967–2026)
The highest-frequency labor indicator — published weekly with only 5-day lag. The earliest signal of deteriorating employment.
- FRED series ICSA — updated weekly
- Leading indicator: rises before recessions
- CSV & Excel download
Nonfarm Payrolls (1939–2026)
The most market-moving economic release in the world — total US employment level with 1,000+ monthly observations since 1939.
- FRED series PAYEMS — updated monthly
- First Friday of each month = NFP day
- CSV & Excel download
Real Economy & Activity
GDP, industrial production, manufacturing surveys, and consumer confidence — the hard and soft data that define the business cycle.
4 datasets · Updated monthly & quarterly
US GDP Growth Rate (1947–2026)
The headline measure of economic expansion and contraction. Two consecutive negative quarters is the common (though unofficial) recession definition.
- FRED series GDP/GDPC1 — updated quarterly
- Advance, second, and third estimates
- CSV & Excel download
US Industrial Production Index (1919–2026)
The Fed’s real output index for manufacturing, mining, and utilities — 100+ years of monthly data. The longest continuous measure of US economic activity.
- FRED series INDPRO — updated monthly
- 100+ years — deepest cycle dataset available
- CSV & Excel download
ISM Manufacturing PMI (1948–2026)
The most-followed manufacturing survey. Above 50 = expansion, below 50 = contraction. Leads GDP turning points by 1–3 months with minimal revision.
- ISM via FRED — updated monthly (1st business day)
- Diffusion index: 5 components, ~400 firms
- CSV & Excel download
US Consumer Sentiment — University of Michigan (1952–2026)
The longest-running US confidence survey. Record low of 50 in 2022 (inflation-driven) — lower than GFC and COVID. Psychological + leading consumption signal.
- FRED series UMCSENT — updated monthly
- Preliminary mid-month, final end-of-month
- CSV & Excel download
Liquidity & Monetary Policy
Fed balance sheet, money supply, bank reserves, TGA, reverse repo — the plumbing of the financial system. Includes the Net Liquidity composite, GDP-normalized ratios, and the “Stealth Easing” regime classification.
9 datasets · 1 research study · Updated weekly & monthly
The Liquidity Illusion: Why the Fed’s Balance Sheet Is Not the Market’s Liquidity — And What Is
The Fed removed $2.14T via QT. The ON RRP returned $2.37T. Net Liquidity barely moved. A 1,212-week dataset decomposing US system liquidity into three components — revealing how $2.4 trillion in plumbing flows silently offset the largest quantitative tightening in history.
Datasets used: WALCL · TGA · ON RRP · Net Liquidity
Fed Balance Sheet (WALCL)
Total Fed assets — from $900B pre-GFC to $9T in 2022. The QE/QT tracker that defines the liquidity regime.
- FRED series WALCL — updated weekly
- QE expands, QT contracts
- CSV & Excel download
M2 Money Supply (1959–2026)
Broad money supply — cash, deposits, money markets. M2 growth historically leads inflation by 12-18 months.
- FRED series M2SL — updated monthly
- 40% surge in 2020-2021 preceded 9% CPI
- CSV & Excel download
M2 Growth Rate — YoY (1960–2026)
The rate of money creation. +27% in Feb 2021 → 9% CPI in June 2022. First sustained contraction (−4.7%) since the 1930s → disinflation in 2023.
- M2SL YoY change — updated monthly
- 12–18 month lead on CPI inflation
- CSV & Excel download
M2 Money Supply-to-GDP Ratio (1959–2026)
The “monetization ratio” — money circulating relative to output. Surged from ~70% to ~90% in 2020–2021, the largest jump since WWII. Has since partially normalized.
- M2SL ÷ GDP — updated quarterly
- Inflationary when rising, deflationary when falling
- CSV & Excel download
Fed Balance Sheet-to-GDP Ratio (2003–2026)
The Fed’s footprint relative to the economy — from ~6% pre-2008 to ~36% at the 2022 peak. Contextualizes QE/QT cycles by economic size rather than dollars.
- WALCL ÷ GDP — updated quarterly
- Far above pre-2008 levels even after QT
- CSV & Excel download
Treasury General Account (TGA)
The US government’s checking account at the Fed. Rising TGA drains liquidity from banks; falling TGA injects it.
- FRED series WTREGEN — updated weekly
- Debt ceiling dynamics = TGA volatility
- CSV & Excel download
Overnight Reverse Repo (ON RRP)
Excess liquidity parking facility — peaked at $2.5T in 2022. Declining usage means funds re-entering the market.
- FRED series RRPONTSYD — updated weekly
- Excess liquidity barometer
- CSV & Excel download
US Bank Reserves at the Federal Reserve (2001–2026)
The foundation of the monetary system. From $45B pre-2008 to $4.2T in 2022. Determines the practical limit of QT before reserve scarcity triggers stress.
- FRED series TOTRESNS — updated monthly
- 2019 repo crisis = reserve scarcity warning
- CSV & Excel download
Net Liquidity Index (WALCL – TGA – RRP)
Composite: the effective financial system liquidity measure tracked by Darius Dale, Andy Constan, and Raoul Pal. Unavailable from any single source — computed by Eco3min.
- WALCL − TGA − ON RRP — updated weekly
- The liquidity indicator followed by macro FinTwit
- CSV & Excel download
Credit & Financial Conditions
Corporate bond spreads, lending standards, leverage ratios, recession risk indicators, cross-asset risk analysis, and the Chicago Fed’s composite financial conditions measure.
7 datasets · 1 research study · Updated weekly & quarterly
Credit Breaks First: The Signal That Has Preceded Every Equity Market Decline Since 1997
In all 8 major equity market dislocations since 1997, high yield credit spreads began widening before the S&P 500 peaked — with a median lead time of 7 months. 1,525 weekly observations, credit regime classification, and forward returns by spread level.
US High Yield Credit Spread (BAMLH0A0HYM2)
The market’s real-time pricing of corporate default risk. Spikes above 800 bps have historically coincided with recessions.
- ICE BofA HY OAS — updated weekly
- Range: 2.3% (2006) to 21.8% (GFC)
- CSV & Excel download
Investment Grade BBB Spread (BAMLC0A4CBBB)
The IG/HY boundary — BBB is the most watched tier because downgrades to BB trigger forced selling by investment-grade mandates.
- ICE BofA BBB OAS — updated weekly
- “Fallen angel” risk = systemic risk
- CSV & Excel download
Financial Conditions Index — NFCI (1971–2026)
Chicago Fed composite of 105 indicators — the most comprehensive single measure of US financial conditions. Negative = loose, positive = tight.
- FRED series NFCI — updated weekly
- 105 money, debt, equity & banking indicators
- CSV & Excel download
US Bank Lending Standards — SLOOS (1990–2026)
Net percentage of banks tightening C&I loan standards. Tightening above +30% has preceded every US recession since 1990 by 2–4 quarters.
- FRED series DRTSCILM — updated quarterly
- Survey-based credit availability signal
- CSV & Excel download
Credit Spread vs VIX Divergence (1997–2026)
Cross-asset risk consistency check. When HY spreads and VIX diverge, one market is mispricing risk — and the divergence resolves with a repricing.
- HY OAS + VIXCLS — updated weekly
- Cross-asset risk misalignment detector
- CSV & Excel download
US Corporate Debt-to-GDP (1950–2026)
Nonfinancial corporate leverage relative to output. Structural uptrend since the 1980s reflects financialization and the leveraged buyback cycle.
- BCNSDODNS ÷ GDP — updated quarterly
- Fragility measure: high ratio → credit-sensitive
- CSV & Excel download
US Household Debt-to-GDP (1950–2026)
Consumer leverage — peaked at 100% before the 2008 subprime crisis, deleveraged to ~75%, creeping back up. The slow-burning variable behind housing cycles.
- FRED series HDTGPDUSQ163N — updated quarterly
- Mortgages + consumer credit + student loans
- CSV & Excel download
Housing & Real Estate
Real (inflation-adjusted) housing prices and mortgage rates — the credit cycle as experienced by American households. The acid test of the monetary transmission mechanism.
2 datasets · Updated monthly
US Real Housing Price Index (1975–2026)
Case-Shiller National Index deflated by CPI — the true measure of whether housing is genuinely appreciating or merely keeping pace with inflation.
- CSUSHPINSA ÷ CPIAUCSL — updated monthly
- 2006 bubble, 2012 trough, 2020+ surge in real terms
- CSV & Excel download
US Real Mortgage Rate (1971–2026)
30-year mortgage rate minus CPI inflation — the true cost of housing credit. Negative in 2021–2022 (fueling demand), sharply positive in 2023–2024 (contracting demand).
- MORTGAGE30US minus CPI YoY — updated monthly
- Regime shift: −4% (2022) → +4% (2023)
- CSV & Excel download
Commodities & Currencies
Energy benchmarks (nominal and real), industrial metals, the trade-weighted dollar index, and the dollar’s role at the onset of global crises.
5 datasets · 1 research study · Updated weekly & monthly
US Dollar at the Onset of Major Global Crises (1973–2023)
Position of the trade-weighted dollar, Fed Funds Rate and real interest rates at the starting point of 18 major global crises. Real rate regime classification and structured historical dataset.
Datasets used: Dollar Index · Fed Funds Rate · Real Interest Rates
US Dollar Index — DTWEXBGS (2006–2026)
The Fed’s trade-weighted Broad Dollar Index — 26 currencies including EM. Broader and more representative than the DXY.
- FRED series DTWEXBGS — updated weekly
- Dollar cycles & global liquidity
- CSV & Excel download
WTI Crude Oil Price (1986–2026)
The US energy benchmark — both cause and consequence of macro cycles. 10,000+ daily observations.
- FRED series DCOILWTICO — updated weekly
- Range: −$37/bbl (April 2020) to $145/bbl (2008)
- CSV & Excel download
Brent Crude Oil Price (1987–2026)
The global energy benchmark — used to price ~2/3 of the world’s traded crude. The WTI-Brent spread reflects US vs global dynamics.
- FRED series DCOILBRENTEU — updated weekly
- International pricing reference
- CSV & Excel download
Copper Price History (1986–2026)
“Dr. Copper” — the industrial metal that diagnoses global economic health. Correlated with global GDP growth, manufacturing activity, and the infrastructure investment cycle.
- IMF via FRED series PCOPPUSDM — updated monthly
- Energy transition structural demand (EVs, grid)
- CSV & Excel download
Real Crude Oil Price — WTI CPI-Adjusted (1986–2026)
WTI deflated by CPI — the true economic burden of energy. The 1980 oil shock was more extreme in real terms than the 2008 nominal peak.
- DCOILWTICO ÷ CPIAUCSL — updated monthly
- Real prices strip the illusion of nominal records
- CSV & Excel download
Research Index — In-Depth Macro-Financial Studies
Original analytical research combining multiple datasets, proprietary regime classifications, and downloadable data. Each study provides a framework unavailable from any single institutional source.
US Real Interest Rates vs CAPE Ratio (1963–Present)
The tent-shaped relationship between real rates and equity valuations. 757 observations, Excess CAPE Yield, and regime classification.
Yield Curve Inversion History (2s10s Spread)
Complete history of US Treasury 10Y–2Y inversions since 1976. NBER recession dating, lead/lag analysis, and statistical properties.
The Liquidity Illusion — Net Liquidity Index (2003–Present)
The Fed removed $2.14T via QT. The ON RRP returned $2.37T. Net Liquidity barely moved. 1,212 weekly observations with “Stealth Easing” regime classification.
US Dollar at the Onset of Major Global Crises (1973–2023)
Position of the trade-weighted dollar, Fed Funds Rate and real interest rates at the starting point of 18 major global crises.
US Real Interest Rates History (1962–Present)
770 monthly observations — from +9.4% to −6.4%. Five monetary regime classifications, reproducible code, and embeddable charts.
Credit Breaks First — HY Spreads as a Leading Indicator (1997–Present)
8 out of 8 episodes: high yield credit spreads began widening before the S&P 500 peaked. Median lead: 7 months. 1,525 weekly observations with credit regime classification.
US Inflation Is Not Linear: 110 Years of Purchasing Power Destruction (1914–Present)
The US dollar lost 97% of its purchasing power since 1914. Five inflationary surges account for over 80% of the cumulative loss. Regime decomposition and full dataset.
The Contrarian’s Almanac: Why Buying Fear Has Outperformed Since 1990
Buying the S&P 500 when VIX exceeds 30 has produced +22% median 12-month returns since 1990 — nearly 3× the return of buying in calm markets. VIX regime return map and full dataset.
The Fed’s Track Record: 70 Years of Rate Decisions (1954–Present)
The Fed has systematically hiked too late and cut too late. Median lag: 8 months after inflation crossed target. A quantitative audit of every tightening and easing cycle.
How to Use These Datasets
- Research: reference-ready historical macro datasets with transparent sourcing.
- Market analysis: stress-test macro scenarios and asset allocation frameworks.
- Education: visual tools for teaching yield curves, monetary regimes and crisis dynamics.
- Modeling: clean CSV formats compatible with Excel, Python, R and BI tools.
Methodological Standards
Methodology-first. Open data. Reproducible research:
- Sources: FRED, BLS, BIS, IMF, BEA, Census, Damodaran.
- Updates: automated weekly & monthly via FRED API.
- Reproducibility: Python/R code examples on every page.
- License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).
Eco3min acts as an independent analytical aggregator. Macro-financial regime analysis, not trading signals.
Extend the Macro-Financial Analytical Framework
These datasets and research studies are integrated within the analytical frameworks developed across our pillar and sub-pillar pages:
All Macroeconomic Datasets (A–Z)
Complete alphabetical index of all 58 datasets. Each page includes key stats, interactive chart, CSV & Excel download, Python/R code examples, and related research.
- 10-Year Breakeven Inflation (T10YIE)
- 30-Year Mortgage Rate (1971–2026)
- 5-Year Breakeven Inflation (T5YIE)
- Brent Crude Oil Price (1987–2026)
- Copper Price History (1986–2026)
- Core CPI Inflation (1957–2026)
- Core PCE Inflation (1959–2026)
- Credit Spread vs VIX Divergence (1997–2026)
- Fed Balance Sheet — WALCL (2003–2026)
- Fed Balance Sheet-to-GDP Ratio (2003–2026)
- Federal Funds Rate (1954–2026)
- Financial Conditions Index — NFCI (1971–2026)
- Initial Jobless Claims — Weekly (1967–2026)
- Investment Grade BBB Spread (1997–2026)
- ISM Manufacturing PMI (1948–2026)
- M2 Growth Rate — YoY (1960–2026)
- M2 Money Supply (1959–2026)
- M2 Money Supply-to-GDP Ratio (1959–2026)
- Mortgage Spread — 30Y vs 10Y Treasury (1971–2026)
- Nasdaq Composite — Daily (1971–2026)
- Net Liquidity Index — WALCL–TGA–RRP (2003–2026)
- Nonfarm Payrolls (1939–2026)
- Overnight Reverse Repo — ON RRP (2003–2026)
- PCE Inflation (1959–2026)
- Real 10-Year Treasury Yield (1962–2026)
- Real 2-Year Treasury Yield (1976–2026)
- Real Corporate Bond Yield — Moody’s BAA (1953–2026)
- Real Crude Oil Price — WTI CPI-Adjusted (1986–2026)
- Real Federal Funds Rate (1954–2026)
- S&P 500 / M2 Money Supply Ratio (1959–2026)
- S&P 500 Historical Returns (1990–2026)
- S&P 500 Price Index — Daily (1950–2026)
- S&P 500 vs Fed Balance Sheet (2003–2026)
- Treasury General Account — TGA (2015–2026)
- US 10-Year Treasury Yield (1962–2026)
- US 2-Year Treasury Yield (1976–2026)
- US 3-Month Treasury Bill (1954–2026)
- US 30-Year Treasury Yield (1977–2026)
- US Bank Lending Standards — SLOOS (1990–2026)
- US Bank Reserves at the Fed (2001–2026)
- US Consumer Sentiment — U. of Michigan (1952–2026)
- US Corporate Debt-to-GDP (1950–2026)
- US CPI Inflation History (1914–2026)
- US Dollar Index — DTWEXBGS (2006–2026)
- US GDP Growth Rate (1947–2026)
- US High Yield Credit Spread (1997–2026)
- US Household Debt-to-GDP (1950–2026)
- US Industrial Production Index (1919–2026)
- US Producer Price Index — PPI (1913–2026)
- US Real Housing Price Index (1975–2026)
- US Real Mortgage Rate (1971–2026)
- US Real Wage Growth (1964–2026)
- US Unemployment Rate (1948–2026)
- VIX Volatility Index — Daily (1990–2026)
- WTI Crude Oil Price (1986–2026)
- Yield Curve 10Y–2Y Spread (T10Y2Y)
- Yield Curve 10Y–3M Spread (T10Y3M)
- Yield Curve Slope — 10Y vs Fed Funds (1954–2026)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best leading indicator for a US recession?
The yield curve (10Y–2Y Treasury spread) has preceded every US recession since 1976 with 6–24 months lead time. High yield credit spreads have also widened before every major equity decline since 1997, with a median lead time of 7 months. Both datasets are available for free download on this page.
Where can I download free macroeconomic datasets in CSV format?
This hub provides 58 free macroeconomic datasets in CSV and Excel formats, covering inflation, interest rates, equity markets, liquidity, credit conditions, housing, commodities, and employment. All data is sourced from FRED, BLS, IMF, and BEA, updated automatically, and licensed under CC BY 4.0.
What is the Net Liquidity Index and how is it calculated?
The Net Liquidity Index equals the Fed’s total assets (WALCL) minus the Treasury General Account (TGA) minus the Overnight Reverse Repo facility (ON RRP). It measures effective financial system liquidity and is tracked by macro analysts including Darius Dale and Raoul Pal. The complete weekly dataset since 2003 is available for download — computed by Eco3min from three separate FRED series.
How does M2 money supply growth predict inflation?
M2 growth has historically led CPI inflation by 12–18 months. The unprecedented +27% year-over-year growth in February 2021 preceded 9.1% CPI inflation in June 2022. The subsequent contraction to −4.7% — the first sustained M2 decline since the 1930s — foreshadowed the disinflation that followed. Both M2 level and growth rate datasets are available.
What is the difference between CPI and PCE inflation?
CPI uses fixed consumption baskets while PCE uses dynamically updated weights that account for consumer substitution. Core PCE — the Fed’s official 2% target measure — typically runs 30–50 basis points below Core CPI. All four inflation datasets (CPI, Core CPI, PCE, Core PCE) are available with full historical coverage.
What is the real interest rate and why does it matter?
The real interest rate is the nominal yield minus inflation. When negative, lenders are effectively paying borrowers — incentivizing leverage and risk-taking. The real 10-year Treasury yield ranged from +9.4% (Volcker era, 1982) to −6.4% (2022 inflation shock). This dataset — with five monetary regime classifications — is the foundation of two Eco3min research studies.
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Licensed under CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution. Individual dataset citations available on each dataset page.