Topic
Yield Curve
The slope of the yield curve is the market’s compressed forecast for growth, inflation and central bank policy. Inversions have preceded US recessions with lags that differ from one cycle to the next, and the transmission runs through bank lending margins rather than through the signal itself. The 2s10s and 10y-3m spreads, the Adrian-Crump-Moench term premium, daily 10-year Treasury data since 1962 and the full inversion record since 1976 are gathered here.
Where to start
Three reads, in order: the basics, the full mechanism, then what the data says.
01The basics Yield Curve Steepening and Flattening: Bull and Bear, Explained What yield curve steepening and flattening mean, plus the four shapes, bull and bear steepeners and flatteners, and the rate moves that drive each one AnalysisRead →
02The full mechanism Why Markets Can Rise Despite an Inverted Yield Curve An inverted yield curve can coexist with rising equity markets. In-depth analysisRead →
03The evidence 2s10s Yield Curve Inversion History (1976–2026) Complete history of 2s10s yield curve inversions since 1976, including timing, depth, and recession lead times. StudyRead → Research and data
Our in-depth research and the downloadable series on the subject.
StudyEvery U.S. Recession Since 1948: Duration, Depth, and What Preceded Each One
StudyHow to Buy Bonds: TreasuryDirect, Funds, ETFs and the Maturity Question All analyses, by angle
Grouped by sub-topic rather than by date. Filter to get straight to the point.
Central Banks and Monetary Policy7
The sub-pillar →- CoreThe 2-Year Treasury Moved Before the Fed in 13 of 15 Reversals Since 1976 In 13 of 15 Fed reversals since 1976 the 2-year Treasury moved first. May 12, 2026
- CoreThe Hidden Tax on Safety: US 3-Month Treasury Bills Lost to Inflation in 38% of Months Since 1948 In 37.7% of all months since 1948, the US 3-month Treasury Bill returned less than inflation, and in the 2010s, that figure reached 87%. Apr 19, 2026
- ACMTP10 Meaning and Computation: Understanding the Adrian-Crump-Moench (2013) Model What ACMTP10 means, Adrian-Crump-Moench (2013) methodology, five-factor regression, NY Fed data updated monthly. May 19, 2026
- T10Y3M vs T10Y2Y: Which Yield Curve Inversion Signal to Choose Technical differences T10Y3M vs T10Y2Y, precocity vs robustness, NY Fed and Estrella-Mishkin arguments, combined reading of both spreads. May 16, 2026
- T10Y3M Meaning: Understanding the 10y / 3m Treasury Spread Technical definition of T10Y3M, DTB3 and DGS3MO calculation conventions, distinction from T10Y2Y and other curve spreads, four-phase inversion cycle. May 16, 2026
- T10Y3M: 10-Year Treasury Minus 3-Month Bill Yield Spread Daily Data (1982–2026) T10Y3M daily 10-year minus 3-month US Treasury yield spread from FRED. Mar 17, 2026
- DTB3: 3-Month US Treasury Bill Secondary Market Rate Daily Data Since 1954 DTB3 daily 3-month US Treasury bill secondary market rate from FRED. Mar 17, 2026
Monetary Transmission to Corporate Earnings4
The sub-pillar →- The Yield Curve: What the Level Says That the Slope Doesn’t A flat curve can sit at 1.5% or at 4.2%: the slope is the same, but the cost of refinancing every maturing loan is nearly three times higher. Jun 17, 2026
- DGS10 and Treasury Demand: Fiscal Deficit, Issuance and Bond Market Stress How record Treasury issuance and buyer-base recomposition structure the DGS10 term premium. May 19, 2026
- Euro Area 10Y AAA Government Bond Yield: Daily Data Since 2004 Euro area AAA-rated 10-year government bond yield, ECB Svensson yield curve, daily since September 2004 from the ECB Data Portal. Mar 24, 2026
- Euro Area 10Y Government Bond Yield, All Issuers: Daily Data Since 2004 Euro area 10-year government bond yield, all issuers, ECB yield curve spot rate, daily since September 2004 from the ECB Data Portal. Mar 24, 2026
Inflation Explained3
The sub-pillar →- Excess CAPE Yield: Inverse CAPE Minus Real 10-Year Treasury Yield Monthly Since 1881 Excess CAPE Yield monthly: 1/CAPE minus real 10-year Treasury yield. Apr 11, 2026
- 10-Year Treasury vs Fed Funds Spread: Long-Run Yield Curve Slope, Monthly Since 1962 10-year Treasury yield minus the effective federal funds rate, a monthly Eco3min composite since 1962. Mar 22, 2026
- Real Interest Rates: 10-Year US Treasury Yield Minus CPI Inflation, Monthly Since 1962 Real interest rates: 10-year US Treasury yield minus CPI inflation, a monthly Eco3min composite since 1962. Mar 13, 2026
Other angles23
- CoreEvery US Government Shutdown Since 1976: All 23 Funding Gaps, Dates, Duration, Cost All 23 US federal funding gaps since 1976: dates, full days, scope, furloughs, cost estimates and dispute (CRS, House Historian). Sep 19, 2026
- CoreEquity risk premium, 2-year vs 10-year Treasury: the maturity choice flips the sign in 68 months since 1976 The gap between the 2-year and 10-year US equity risk premium is exactly the 2s10s spread. Sep 9, 2026
- CoreThe 2022 UK gilt crisis: an inflationary regime, a regional fracture In 2022, global tightening fractured a hidden leverage structure in the gilt market. May 31, 2026
- CoreThe Fed cut rates by 100 bps in late 2024. Mortgage rates rose anyway. Fed cut rates 100bps in late 2024. 10-year Treasury rose 116bps. May 19, 2026
- CoreDuration Risk Revealed: The 30-Year Treasury Zero-Coupon Price Declined 70% Between 2020 and 2023, Exceeding Most Equity Bear Markets A daily dataset tracking the US 30-Year Treasury yield since 1977, with a synthetic zero-coupon price index. Apr 6, 2026
- France Bank Mortgage Spread: Mortgage Rate Minus 10-Year OAT Since 2014 France bank mortgage spread: new fixed-rate mortgage rate minus 10-year OAT yield. Aug 4, 2026
- Germany 10-Year Bund Yield: History Since 1956 Germany 10-year Bund yield history, monthly percent. May 22, 2026
- UK 10-Year Gilt Yield: History Since 1960 UK 10-year gilt yield history, monthly percent. May 22, 2026
- Japan 10-Year Government Bond Yield: History Since 1989 Japan 10-year government bond (JGB) yield history, monthly percent. May 22, 2026
- Developed Markets ex-US Datasets for developed markets outside the US: yen, pound, franc, Canadian and Australian dollar rates, plus Japan, UK and Germany 10-year yields. May 22, 2026
- US Equity Risk Premium: S&P 500 Earnings Yield Minus 10-Year Treasury Yield Monthly Since 1871 US Equity Risk Premium monthly: S&P 500 trailing earnings yield minus 10-year Treasury yield. Apr 11, 2026
- ACMTP10: NY Fed 10-Year Treasury Term Premium Monthly Estimates (1962–2026) ACMTP10 monthly 10-year US Treasury term premium estimates from the NY Fed Adrian-Crump-Moench model since 1962. Apr 11, 2026
- Italy 10Y Government Bond Yield: Monthly BTP Data Since 1991 Italian 10-year government bond (BTP) yield, monthly averages since March 1991 from the ECB Data Portal (Banca d'Italia series). Mar 24, 2026
- Germany 10Y Government Bond Yield: Monthly Bund Data Since 1990 German 10-year government bond (Bund) yield, monthly averages since January 1990 from the ECB Data Portal (Bundesbank series). Mar 24, 2026
- France 10Y Government Bond Yield: Monthly OAT Data Since 1986 French 10-year government bond (OAT) yield, monthly averages since January 1986 from the ECB Data Portal (Banque de France series). Mar 24, 2026
- France-Germany 10Y Sovereign Spread: Monthly OAT-Bund Data Since 1990 OAT-Bund spread: French minus German 10-year government bond yields, monthly since January 1990, computed by Eco3min from ECB Data Portal series. Mar 24, 2026
- Italy-Germany 10Y Sovereign Spread: Monthly BTP-Bund Data Since 1991 BTP-Bund spread: Italian minus German 10-year government bond yields, monthly since March 1991, computed by Eco3min from ECB Data Portal series. Mar 24, 2026
- Real Corporate Bond Yield: Moody’s BAA Yield Minus CPI Inflation Monthly Since 1953 Real Corporate Bond Yield monthly data: Moody's BAA seasoned corporate yield minus CPI YoY inflation. Mar 22, 2026
- Real 2-Year Treasury Yield: Nominal 2Y Yield Minus CPI Inflation Monthly Since 1976 Real 2-Year Treasury Yield monthly data: nominal 2Y Treasury yield minus CPI YoY inflation. Mar 22, 2026
- Mortgage Spread: 30-Year Mortgage Rate Minus 10-Year Treasury Yield Weekly Since 1971 Mortgage Spread weekly data: 30-year fixed mortgage rate minus 10-year Treasury yield. Mar 22, 2026
- DGS30: Daily 30-Year US Treasury Constant Maturity Yield from FRED (1977–2026) DGS30 daily 30-year US Treasury yield from FRED. Mar 17, 2026
- DGS2: 2-Year US Treasury Constant Maturity Yield Daily Data Since 1976 DGS2 daily 2-year US Treasury constant maturity yield from FRED. Mar 17, 2026
- WTREGEN: US Treasury General Account Balance, Weekly Data from FRED (2002-2026) WTREGEN weekly Treasury General Account balance from FRED. Mar 17, 2026
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