Commodity Prices
Download clean global commodity price datasets (CSV & Excel) — energy, industrial and precious-metal inputs, agricultural softs and grains. Each page provides key statistics, Python/R code examples, historical context and free download. Learn how to read macro-financial indicators.
Most series come from the IMF Primary Commodity Prices database via the FRED API (monthly, from 1992). The energy and precious-metal benchmarks — crude oil, natural gas, gold and silver — are higher-frequency FRED series (oil and gas from the U.S. EIA), with histories reaching back to the 1960s–1980s. Open data under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).
Commodity prices sit upstream of every inflation print and industrial cycle — yet the long monthly history is scattered across IMF tables. Eco3min cleans and structures it in one hub, free and open.
Beyond the raw series, five original cross-commodity studies read the basket as a whole — real-price divergence (what we grow vs what we burn), food-price dynamics, the inflation signal, and equity diversification. Each ships a downloadable dataset and a reproducible method. Jump to the research ↓
Cross-Commodity Research
Original studies built on the whole commodity basket, not a single series — real-price divergence, food-price dynamics, the inflation signal and equity diversification. Each ships a downloadable dataset (CSV & XLSX) under CC BY 4.0 and a reproducible methodology.
5 studies · Basket-level analysis · 1960–2026
Real Commodity Prices (1960–2025): Grown Cheaper, Burned Dearer
Adjusted for US inflation, only energy and gold cost more in 2025 than in 1960 — everything the world grows is cheaper, food and grains by half or more. CPI-deflated (1960=100 → 2025): energy +288%, precious +627%, non-energy −43%, food −52%, grains −60%. Proprietary Eco3min Real Commodity Index family, built from World Bank Pink Sheet category indices.
Related: Food Prices: Speed, Not Level · What Commodities Forecast
Data: Gold · WTI · Wheat
Food Prices: Speed, Not Level (1960–2025)
Episodes of social unrest cluster after fast surges in food prices, not at any absolute price level — the rate of change is the robust signal, an absolute threshold is not. Built on the FAO Food Price Index and World Bank food and grains series, with the supply-shock attribution. Descriptive analysis only: a contributing amplifier, never a monocausal trigger.
Related: Real Commodity Prices
Data: Wheat · Corn
What Commodities Forecast: the Headline−Core Inflation Gap
The commodity basket does not reliably lead CPI turning points — what it tracks is the wedge between headline and core inflation, the commodity-driven component of the print. A cleaner reading of the commodity–inflation link than the usual “commodities predict CPI” claim, with the energy channel doing most of the work.
Related: Real Commodity Prices
Data: WTI · Brent
Commodities Stopped Being a Reliable Diversifier After 2008 (1992–2026)
The commodity–equity correlation moved from −0.07 (1994–2007) to +0.34 (2009–2026); the shift survives stripping out energy (+0.32) and the crash years (+0.25). Diversification didn’t vanish — it went episodic: commodities fell with stocks in 2008 and 2020 but hedged the 2022 supply shock, up 18% as the S&P fell 18%. 413 monthly observations, IMF index vs S&P 500.
Related: When Do Commodities Diversify Stocks?
Data: WTI · Copper
When Do Commodities Diversify Stocks? Every Major Drawdown Since 1970
Whether commodities hedge a stock portfolio depends on the inflation regime. Across 1970–2026 the correlation is +0.27 below 2% CPI, +0.02 at 2–4% and −0.06 above 4%; the full-sample figure (+0.05) round-tripped from −0.69 to +0.61 and back. In the five largest drawdowns since 1970, commodities rose in the two inflation-driven ones (1973–74 +136%, 2022 +26%) and fell in the three demand-driven ones — and the hedge is mostly energy. 676 monthly observations.
Related: Commodities Stopped Diversifying
Data: WTI · Copper
Energy
Crude oil, US and European natural gas, coal, LNG and uranium — the energy complex upstream of every inflation cycle, including the 2022 shock. the uranium supply-demand imbalance offers a detailed reading of it.
7 datasets · Daily, weekly & monthly
Coal Price Australia (1992–2026)
Australian thermal coal — the Asian benchmark for coal-fired power. Spiked above $400/t during the 2022 European energy crisis.
- FRED series PCOALAUUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
LNG Japan Price (1992–2026)
LNG landed in Japan — the reference for Asian gas import costs. Surged with the 2022 global supply shock.
- FRED series PNGASJPUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
TTF Natural Gas Price Europe (1992–2026)
European TTF natural gas — the continent’s benchmark. Peaked near $70/MMBtu in the 2022 supply crisis, the most extreme energy shock in EU history.
- FRED series PNGASEUUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Uranium Price (1992–2026)
Uranium spot — the nuclear fuel input. Re-rated sharply from 2023 amid renewed nuclear demand.
- FRED series PURANUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
WTI Crude Oil Price (1986–2026)
The US crude benchmark — both cause and consequence of macro cycles. Plunged to −$37/bbl in 2020 and peaked near $145/bbl in 2008.
- FRED series DCOILWTICO — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA via FRED
- CSV & XLSX download
Studies: Real Commodity Prices · Headline−Core Gap
Brent Crude Oil Price (1987–2026)
The global energy benchmark — the reference price for roughly two-thirds of crude traded worldwide.
- FRED series DCOILBRENTEU — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA via FRED
- CSV & XLSX download
Natural Gas Price — Henry Hub (1997–2026)
Henry Hub natural gas spot price in USD per million BTU — the US reference for electricity and heating.
- FRED series DHHNGSP — daily
- Source: U.S. EIA via FRED
- CSV & XLSX download
Industrial Metals
Iron ore, copper and the base-metal complex — cyclical gauges of global industrial demand.
7 datasets · Updated monthly
Iron Ore Price (1992–2026)
‘The steel input’ — iron ore tracks Chinese construction and global industrial demand. On this specific point: what iron ore says about China.
- FRED series PIORECRUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Copper Price (1986–2026)
‘Dr. Copper’ — the bellwether industrial metal that tracks global GDP, with structural demand from the energy transition.
- FRED series PCOPPUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Studies: Commodities Stopped Diversifying · When Do They Diversify?
Aluminum Price (1992–2026)
Aluminum — an energy-intensive base metal; its price embeds power costs as much as ore.
- FRED series PALUMUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Nickel Price (1992–2026)
Nickel — stainless steel and EV battery cathodes. The 2022 LME short squeeze sent it briefly above $100,000/t. Eco3min breaks this two-tier market down in nickel demand split between stainless steel and batteries.
- FRED series PNICKUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Zinc Price (1992–2026)
Zinc — galvanizing and construction metal, a cyclical demand gauge.
- FRED series PZINCUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Lead Price (1992–2026)
Lead — batteries and industrial uses, one of the steadier base metals.
- FRED series PLEADUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Tin Price (1992–2026)
Tin — solder and electronics; a small market with high volatility.
- FRED series PTINUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Precious Metals
Gold and silver — the monetary metals, stores of value and inflation hedges across regimes.
2 datasets · Updated weekly
Gold Price (1968–2026)
Nominal gold in USD per ounce — the classic monetary metal and the global store-of-value reference, spanning every inflation regime since 1968.
- Spot gold price (USD/oz) — weekly
- Monetary & inflation-hedge reference
- CSV & XLSX download
Silver Price (1968–2026)
Silver in USD per ounce — the hybrid metal at the crossroads of monetary demand and industrial use.
- Spot silver price (USD/oz) — weekly
- Industrial + monetary demand
- CSV & XLSX download
Agricultural Softs
Cocoa, coffee, sugar and fibres — the soft commodities, including the record 2024-2025 cocoa and coffee moves.
7 datasets · Updated monthly
Cocoa Price (1992–2026)
Cocoa — the chocolate input. Reached a record ~$10,700/t in early 2025, roughly 4.5× its long-run average, on West African crop failure.
- FRED series PCOCOUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Coffee Arabica Price (1992–2026)
Arabica — the premium coffee grade. Reached multi-decade highs in 2024-2025 on Brazilian and Vietnamese supply shortfalls.
- FRED series PCOFFOTMUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Coffee Robusta Price (1992–2026)
Robusta — the lower-cost grade used in instant and espresso blends. Rose to records alongside arabica.
- FRED series PCOFFROBUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Sugar Price (1992–2026)
Sugar (ISA) — sweetener and ethanol feedstock, sensitive to Brazilian harvests and oil prices.
- FRED series PSUGAISAUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Cotton Price (1992–2026)
Cotton — the textile fibre, tracking apparel demand and competing with synthetics.
- FRED series PCOTTINDUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Rubber Price (1992–2026)
Natural rubber — tyres and industrial goods; tracks auto production and Southeast Asian supply.
- FRED series PRUBBUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Tea Price (1992–2026)
Tea — the global auction benchmark, a rare long agricultural price series.
- FRED series PTEAUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Grains & Oilseeds
Wheat, corn, soybeans, palm oil and rice — the global food-inflation staples.
5 datasets · Updated monthly
Wheat Price (1992–2026)
Wheat — the global food staple. Spiked in 2022 after the Black Sea supply disruption.
- FRED series PWHEAMTUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Studies: Food Prices: Speed, Not Level · Real Commodity Prices (grains −60%)
Corn Price (1992–2026)
Corn (maize) — feed, food and ethanol. The most-planted US crop and a key food-inflation input.
- FRED series PMAIZMTUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Soybeans Price (1992–2026)
Soybeans — protein meal and oil; the China-trade-sensitive oilseed.
- FRED series PSOYBUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Palm Oil Price (1992–2026)
Palm oil — the most-consumed vegetable oil; food and biofuel demand, Indonesian and Malaysian supply.
- FRED series PPOILUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Rice Price (2010–2026)
Rice — the staple for half the world. Export curbs in 2023-2024 drove prices to multi-year highs. Series begins 2010.
- FRED series PRICENPQUSDM — monthly
- Source: IMF Primary Commodity Prices
- CSV & XLSX download
Refined Fuels & Retail Energy
Gasoline, diesel and jet fuel at the pump and the wholesale terminal — the refined products downstream of crude, where taxes, refining margin and distribution drive prices that the barrel benchmark alone does not explain.
8 datasets · Weekly & daily
US Gasoline Retail Price (1990–2026)
The national pump price for regular gasoline — the most-watched energy price in American daily life. Peaked at $5.01 in June 2022, distinct from the crude benchmark by taxes, refining and retail margin.
- EIA series EMM_EPMR_PTE_NUS_DPG — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US Diesel Retail Price (1994–2026)
The national on-highway diesel pump price — the core input cost of road freight. Peaked at $5.81 in June 2022, structurally above gasoline for most of the past two decades.
- EIA series EMD_EPD2D_PTE_NUS_DPG — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US Premium Gasoline Retail Price (1994–2026)
The national premium-grade pump price. Read against regular, the premium-to-regular spread is a discretionary-spending signal that strips out the crude move entirely.
- EIA series EMM_EPMP_PTE_NUS_DPG — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US ULSD Retail Price (2007–2026)
The national ultra-low-sulfur diesel pump price — the modern on-highway diesel standard since the 2006 sulfur rule. It has no pre-regulation history by construction.
- EIA series EMD_EPD2DXL0_PTE_NUS_DPG — weekly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
NY Harbor Heating Oil Spot Price (1986–2026)
The daily FOB wholesale price of home heating oil at the US Northeast hub — one of the longest daily refined-product histories. The continuous distillate benchmark behind the seasonal residential price.
- EIA series EER_EPD2F_PF4_Y35NY_DPG — daily
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
NY Harbor ULSD Spot Price (2006–2026)
The daily FOB wholesale ULSD price at the Northeast hub — the NYMEX ULSD futures underlier. It leads the weekly retail diesel print by days.
- EIA series EER_EPD2DXL0_PF4_Y35NY_DPG — daily
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US Gulf Coast Jet Fuel Spot Price (1990–2026)
The daily FOB wholesale jet fuel price at the US refining heartland — typically an airline’s largest or second-largest operating cost. The cheapest major refined product per gallon.
- EIA series EER_EPJK_PF4_RGC_DPG — daily
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
Mont Belvieu Propane Spot Price (1992–2026)
The daily wholesale propane price at the Texas hub that anchors US NGL trading. A multi-market fuel — rural heating, crop drying, petrochemical feedstock — and the US is now the world’s largest exporter.
- EIA series EER_EPLLPA_PF4_Y44MB_DPG — daily
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
Electricity Prices
US average retail electricity rates by customer class. Unlike fuels, roughly half of the retail rate is regulated grid cost — which is why household power prices climb steadily through gas-price crashes.
3 datasets · Monthly
US Residential Electricity Price (2001–2026)
The national average household retail rate. Unlike fuels, it barely tracks natural gas — roughly half is regulated grid cost — and has climbed steadily to an all-time 18.83 cents/kWh in 2026.
- EIA series ELEC retail-sales (RES) — monthly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US Commercial Electricity Price (2001–2026)
The national average retail rate paid by businesses and services — the power cost input to the bulk of US employment. Sits between the household and industrial rates.
- EIA series ELEC retail-sales (COM) — monthly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
US Industrial Electricity Price (2001–2026)
The national average manufacturing rate — the lowest of the three customer classes, at under half the household rate. A direct input to US industrial competitiveness, and the closest to generation-fuel cost.
- EIA series ELEC retail-sales (IND) — monthly
- Source: U.S. EIA (direct API)
- CSV & XLSX download
All Commodity Datasets (A–Z)
Complete alphabetical index of the 39 single-series datasets. Each page includes key statistics, an interactive chart, CSV & XLSX download, Python/R code examples, and the source series reference. For basket-level analysis, see the Cross-Commodity Research section above.
- Aluminum Price (1992–2026)
- Brent Crude Oil Price (1987–2026)
- Coal Price Australia (1992–2026)
- Cocoa Price (1992–2026)
- Coffee Arabica Price (1992–2026)
- Coffee Robusta Price (1992–2026)
- Copper Price (1986–2026)
- Corn Price (1992–2026)
- Cotton Price (1992–2026)
- Gold Price (1968–2026)
- Iron Ore Price (1992–2026)
- Lead Price (1992–2026)
- LNG Japan Price (1992–2026)
- Mont Belvieu Propane Spot Price (1992–2026)
- Natural Gas Price — Henry Hub (1997–2026)
- Nickel Price (1992–2026)
- NY Harbor Heating Oil Spot Price (1986–2026)
- NY Harbor ULSD Spot Price (2006–2026)
- Palm Oil Price (1992–2026)
- Rice Price (2010–2026)
- Rubber Price (1992–2026)
- Silver Price (1968–2026)
- Soybeans Price (1992–2026)
- Sugar Price (1992–2026)
- Tea Price (1992–2026)
- Tin Price (1992–2026)
- TTF Natural Gas Price Europe (1992–2026)
- Uranium Price (1992–2026)
- US Commercial Electricity Price (2001–2026)
- US Diesel Retail Price (1994–2026)
- US Gasoline Retail Price (1990–2026)
- US Gulf Coast Jet Fuel Spot Price (1990–2026)
- US Industrial Electricity Price (2001–2026)
- US Premium Gasoline Retail Price (1994–2026)
- US Residential Electricity Price (2001–2026)
- US ULSD Retail Price (2007–2026)
- Wheat Price (1992–2026)
- WTI Crude Oil Price (1986–2026)
- Zinc Price (1992–2026)
Data Source & Access
Most single series are sourced via the FRED API (St. Louis Fed), origin IMF Primary Commodity Prices. Energy benchmarks come from the U.S. EIA and precious metals from spot price series, also via FRED. The cross-commodity studies additionally draw on the World Bank Pink Sheet and the FAO Food Price Index. No API key needed to download the cleaned files.
API endpoint: api.stlouisfed.org/fred
License: Eco3min compilation under CC BY 4.0.
Cite This Data
Licensed under CC BY 4.0 — free to use with attribution.
Last updated — 4 July 2026
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