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Savings Vehicles & Taxation

A tax wrapper earns nothing on its own: it moves the tax bill through time. 401(k)s, IRAs, Roth accounts, annuities, and France’s PEA and life-insurance contracts each run on their own tax clock, at entry, during holding and at withdrawal, and their value depends on the rate and inflation regime. The published rules are described as they apply, from contribution order to estate transfer, without ranking one wrapper above another.

27pieces
13in-depth analyses

Where to start

Three reads, in order: the basics, the full mechanism, then what the data says.

01The basics PEA vs. Taxable Brokerage Account: Which Should You Choose in France? Understand the difference between the French PEA and the standard brokerage account (CTO). BeginnerRead → 02The full mechanism Guaranteed funds vs unit-linked: behaviour across the rate regime How guaranteed funds and unit-linked savings behave inside a life-insurance contract across the rate cycle. In-depth analysisRead → 03The evidence US Inflation (1913–2026): A Complete CPI History and Purchasing Power Breakdown 72% of total inflation occurred during just four periods. StudyRead →

Research and data

Our in-depth research and the downloadable series on the subject.

StudyHow to Choose an ETF: The 2026 Framework (Index, Costs, Liquidity, Taxes) StudyHow to Reduce Taxable Income in 2026: Mechanisms and Their Clocks StudyHow Much You Need to Retire: the Income Gap, the Vehicles and the Math StudyHow to choose your 401(k) investments: reading the fund menu

All analyses, by angle

Grouped by sub-topic rather than by date. Filter to get straight to the point.

Choosing investments in the light of the macro cycle13

The sub-pillar →

Investment Vehicles Explained4

The sub-pillar →

Other angles3

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This topic also exists in French.Enveloppes et fiscalité de l'épargne, 31 pieces →